Which control surface is primarily responsible for controlling pitch in an airplane?

The elevator is the control surface primarily responsible for controlling pitch in an airplane. By altering the angle of the elevator, pilots can manipulate the aircraft's nose position relative to the horizon, allowing for ascents and descents. Elevators are typically located on the tail section of the aircraft and work by changing the aerodynamic pressure on the tail, thus pitching the aircraft’s nose up or down.

In contrast, ailerons are responsible for controlling roll and are located on the wings. They operate in opposition to each other to tilt the aircraft to the left or right. The rudder, found on the vertical stabilizer, is used to control yaw, helping to steer the aircraft left or right during flight and assist in coordinating turns. Flaps are high-lift devices located on the wings that increase lift during takeoff and landing phases but do not have a direct role in pitch control. Hence, the elevator is the definitive control surface for managing pitch.