What is the purpose of a "mass and balance" checklist in aviation?

The "mass and balance" checklist is used to ensure safe loading within specified limits for an aircraft. Proper mass and balance calculations are critical for flight safety because they directly affect the aircraft's performance and handling characteristics. When an aircraft is loaded beyond its weight limits or incorrectly balanced, it may become difficult to control, leading to potential safety risks during takeoff, flight, and landing.

This checklist typically involves confirming that the total weight of the aircraft, including passengers, cargo, and fuel, falls within the approved limits set by the manufacturer. Additionally, it addresses how the load is distributed throughout the aircraft, maintaining the center of gravity within acceptable parameters. Balancing the load is essential for stability; an improperly balanced aircraft can lead to serious control issues and affect maneuvers and landing performance.

While determining fuel consumption, measuring total weight, and checking maintenance records are important tasks in the operational lifecycle of an aircraft, they are not the main focus of the mass and balance checklist. The emphasis on loading safety highlights the significance of the checklist in preventing accidents and ensuring regulatory compliance.