What controls the aircraft on the roll axis?

The ailerons are the primary control surfaces responsible for managing the roll axis of an aircraft. When the pilot moves the control yoke or stick to the left or right, the ailerons on the corresponding wings move in opposite directions; one aileron will deflect upward and the other downward. This movement causes one wing to generate more lift (the wing with the aileron deflected down) and the other to produce less lift (the wing with the aileron deflected up), resulting in the aircraft rolling to the side of the wing with the aileron that is moving downward.

The roll axis is critical for turns; by controlling the roll, pilots can maintain coordinated flight and achieve the desired direction of travel. Understanding how to effectively use ailerons is essential for maneuvering the aircraft smoothly and safely.